twi.c

/*************************************************************************
* Title:    I2C master library using hardware TWI interface
* Author:   Peter Fleury <pfleury@gmx.ch>  http://jump.to/fleury
* File:     $Id: twimaster.c,v 1.3 2005/07/02 11:14:21 Peter Exp $
* Software: AVR-GCC 3.4.3 / avr-libc 1.2.3
* Target:   any AVR device with hardware TWI
* Usage:    API compatible with I2C Software Library i2cmaster.h
**************************************************************************/

#include <compat/twi.h>

#include <twi.h>

/* define CPU frequency in Mhz here if not defined in Makefile */
#ifndef F_CPU
#define F_CPU 16000000UL
#endif

/* I2C clock in Hz */
#define SCL_CLOCK  400000L


/*************************************************************************
 Initialization of the I2C bus interface. Need to be called only once
*************************************************************************/
void twiInit(void)
{
  /* initialize TWI clock: 100 kHz clock, TWPS = 0 => prescaler = 1 */

  TWSR = 0;                         /* no prescaler */
  TWBR = ((F_CPU/SCL_CLOCK)-16)/2;  /* must be > 10 for stable operation */

}/* i2c_init */


/*************************************************************************
  Issues a start condition and sends address and transfer direction.
  return 0 = device accessible, 1= failed to access device
*************************************************************************/
unsigned char twiStart(unsigned char address)
{
    uint8_t   twst;

    // send START condition
    TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWSTA) | (1<<TWEN);

    // wait until transmission completed
    while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

    // check value of TWI Status Register. Mask prescaler bits.
    twst = TW_STATUS & 0xF8;
    if ( (twst != TW_START) && (twst != TW_REP_START)) return 1;

    // send device address
    TWDR = address;
    TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN);

    // wail until transmission completed and ACK/NACK has been received
    while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

    // check value of TWI Status Register. Mask prescaler bits.
    twst = TW_STATUS & 0xF8;
    if ( (twst != TW_MT_SLA_ACK) && (twst != TW_MR_SLA_ACK) ) return 1;

    return 0;

}/* i2c_start */


/*************************************************************************
 Issues a start condition and sends address and transfer direction.
 If device is busy, use ack polling to wait until device is ready

 Input:   address and transfer direction of I2C device
*************************************************************************/
void twiStartWait(unsigned char address)
{
    uint8_t   twst;


    while ( 1 )
    {
        // send START condition
        TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWSTA) | (1<<TWEN);

        // wait until transmission completed
        while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

        // check value of TWI Status Register. Mask prescaler bits.
        twst = TW_STATUS & 0xF8;
        if ( (twst != TW_START) && (twst != TW_REP_START)) continue;

        // send device address
        TWDR = address;
        TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN);

        // wail until transmission completed
        while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

        // check value of TWI Status Register. Mask prescaler bits.
        twst = TW_STATUS & 0xF8;
        if ( (twst == TW_MT_SLA_NACK )||(twst ==TW_MR_DATA_NACK) )
        {
            /* device busy, send stop condition to terminate write operation */
            TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN) | (1<<TWSTO);

            // wait until stop condition is executed and bus released
            while(TWCR & (1<<TWSTO));

            continue;
        }
        //if( twst != TW_MT_SLA_ACK) return 1;
        break;
     }

}/* i2c_start_wait */


/*************************************************************************
 Issues a repeated start condition and sends address and transfer direction

 Input:   address and transfer direction of I2C device

 Return:  0 device accessible
          1 failed to access device
*************************************************************************/
unsigned char twiRepStart(unsigned char address)
{
    return twiStart( address );

}/* i2c_rep_start */


/*************************************************************************
 Terminates the data transfer and releases the I2C bus
*************************************************************************/
void twiStop(void)
{
    /* send stop condition */
    TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN) | (1<<TWSTO);

    // wait until stop condition is executed and bus released
    while(TWCR & (1<<TWSTO));

}/* i2c_stop */


/*************************************************************************
  Send one byte to I2C device

  Input:    byte to be transfered
  Return:   0 write successful
            1 write failed
*************************************************************************/
unsigned char twiWrite( unsigned char data )
{
    uint8_t   twst;

    // send data to the previously addressed device
    TWDR = data;
    TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN);

    // wait until transmission completed
    while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

    // check value of TWI Status Register. Mask prescaler bits
    twst = TW_STATUS & 0xF8;
    if( twst != TW_MT_DATA_ACK) return 1;
    return 0;

}/* i2c_write */


/*************************************************************************
 Read one byte from the I2C device, request more data from device

 Return:  byte read from I2C device
*************************************************************************/
unsigned char twiReadAck(void)
{
    TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN) | (1<<TWEA);
    while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

    return TWDR;

}/* i2c_readAck */


/*************************************************************************
 Read one byte from the I2C device, read is followed by a stop condition

 Return:  byte read from I2C device
*************************************************************************/
unsigned char twiReadNak(void)
{
    TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN);
    while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

    return TWDR;

}/* i2c_readNak */